[Distribution Characteristics, Source Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Typical Industry Reclaimed Soil].

To further explore the characteristics of heavy metal pollution and the ecological risk of typical industries in reclaimed soil, based on data from 315 different depth profiles of soil samples collected from 49 plots in Jiading District, Shanghai, the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the contents and potential ecological risk of seven heavy metals, namely Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Hg, and As. The APCS-MLR receptor model and PMF positive matrix factorization model were employed to analyze the pollution sources. The results showed that:① except for As, the contents of other heavy metals in the soil of the study area exceeded the Shanghai soil background values to varying degrees. The contents of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Hg in the surface soil were 3.54, 2.34, 2.91, 1.20, 3.75, and 4.40 times the background values, respectively. The contents of heavy metals in the soil decreased with the increase in depth, and heavy metals were enriched to a certain extent in the surface soil, indicating that human activities had an impact on the distribution of heavy metals in the soil. ② The APCS-MLR and PMF receptor models identified four main sources of soil heavy metals in the study area. Source 1 (Cu, Zn, and Pb) was a mixture of metal products and automobile manufacturing, source 2 (Ni and Cd) was electroplating enterprises, source 3 (Hg) was mainly from chemical enterprises, and source 4 (As) was natural. The combined use of the two receptor models further improved the accuracy and credibility of source identification. ③ The geo-accumulation index in descending order was Hg(1.54)>Ni(1.32)>Cd(1.21)>Cu(0.96)>Pb(0.64)>Zn(-0.33)>As(-1.02). The potential ecological risk index showed that the comprehensive potential ecological risk index RI value in the study area ranged from 32.50 to 4 910.97, with a mean of 321.40, indicating a strong potential ecological risk. The pollution values of heavy metals Hg, Ni, and Cd in industrial site soil deserve further attention for re-development and utilization purposes.

Identification and Analysis of NnOMT and NnNMT Gene Families in Nelumbo nucifera / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThe biosynthetic pathways of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids（BIAs） in Nelumbo nucifera are of great theoretical and economic value. In this paper， N. nucifera O-methyltransferase（NnOMT） and N. nucifera N-methyltransferase（NnNMT） gene families were identified and analyzed by bioinformatics in order to facilitate the biosynthetic pathway of BIAs in N. nucifera. MethodBased on the whole genome of N. nucifera， UniPort and National Center for Biotechnology Information（NCBI） databases were used to identify the NnOMT and NnNMT gene families of N. nucifera， and analyze their physicochemical properties and subcellular localization， then TBtools， MEME， MEGA 11.0， FigTree 1.4.4 and other tools were used to analyze the phylogeny， sequence characteristics， gene structure， functional annotation and cis-acting elements of NnOMT and NnNMT genes identified in the previous stage. ResultA total of 61 NnOMT and NnNMT genes were identified in this paper， the number of amino acids encoded by these genes ranged from 168 aa to 580 aa， the isoelectric point ranged from 4.76 to 9.16， and the relative molecular weight ranged from 18 699.52 Da to 64 934.53 Da， most of which showed acidic and mostly hydrophilic proteins. There were 10 conserved motifs， Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） analysis enriched a total of 12 pathways， including metabolism， biosynthesis of phenylpropane and isoquinoline alkaloids， etc. And Visualization of Gene Ontology（GO） enrichment results showed that 61 NnOMT and NnNMT genes were annotated to 32 items， which included 16 molecular functions［such as reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide（NADH） activity and exopeptidase activity］ and 16 biological processes（such as metabolic process of carbon tetrachloride， anaerobic carbon tetrachloride metabolic process and responses to exogenous biological stimuli）. There were a variety of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of NnOMT and NnNMT genes， mainly promoter and enhancer regions element， light responsive element and methyl jasmonate responsive element. ConclusionIn this study， a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of 61 NnOMT and NnNMT genes is carried out based on the genome data of N. nucifera， which lays a foundation for research on the gene structure and function of NnOMT and NnNMT gene families， and provides a reference for biosynthetic pathway elucidation of BIAs in N. nucifera.

Investigation of Pretreatment Methods for Comprehensive Resource Utilization of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex Dregs / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the pretreatment methods to promote the enzymatic digestion and extraction of active ingredients from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex dregs（MOCD）， and to provide a reference basis for the utilization of resource components in MOCD. MethodLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS） was used for qualitative analysis of resource components in MOCD with an Agilent C18 reversed-phase column（3.0 mm×100 mm， 2.7 µm） at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1， the mobile phase was water（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-3 min， 25%-48%B； 3-6 min， 48%-59%B； 6-10 min， 59%-80%B； 10-20 min， 80%-90%B； 20-25 min， 90%B）， electrospray ionization（ESI） was employed with negative ion mode scanning and scanning range of m/z 50-1 200. A high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， which refered to the determination in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， was used for quantitative analysis of resource components in MOCD. Four kinds of pretreatment agents were used to separate the resource components from MOCD， and the mechanism of different pretreatment agents was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）， X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）. ResultMagnolol， honokiol and lignocellulose were identified as the main resource components of MOCD by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Under the conditions of 1% NaOH， reaction temperature at 80 ℃ and reaction time of 60 min， the concentration of reducing sugar produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis was 32.18 g·L-1， which was 79.8% higher than that of the untreated MOCD. After adding tween-80， the enzymatic hydrolysis time was reduced to 1/3 of the original time， the concentration of reducing sugar was increased by 102.0%. And the total recovery of magnolol and honokiol in the pretreatment solution was 69.23%. ConclusionMagnolol， honokiol and lignocellulosic components in MOCD are valuable for development and utilization， the combination of alkaline pretreatment and tween-80 can realize the recovery and utilization of these three resource components， which can provide a new idea for comprehensive utilization of resource components in MOCD.

Identification and Bioinformatics Analysis of CYP71 Gene Family of Diploid Perilla frutescens / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveCYP71 gene family is one of the CYP71 clans belonging to cytochrome P450， which plays an important role in secondary metabolites， especially terpenoid biosynthesis. To understand the characteristics of CYP71 family of diploid Perilla frutescens and predict its function， this study identified and systematically analyzed the family by bioinformatics. MethodOn the basis of the whole genome of diploid P. frutescens PC99， the conserved domains of CYP71 family of diploid P. frutescens were screened， and the sequence characteristics， gene structure， chromosome location， phylogeny and cis-acting elements were analyzed by National Center for Biotechnology Information （NCBI）， TBtools， MEME， Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis （MEGA）， Cytoscape and other tools. ResultA total of 68 CYP71 genes were identified from diploid P. frutescens， which were unevenly distributed on 34 chromosomes and belonged to two subfamilies. They encoded 481-530 amino acids and contained 10 conserved motifs， with the isoelectric point of 5.70-9.03 and the molecular weight of 54 217.07-60 031.79 Da. The enrichment analysis and functional annotation analysis revealed 11 enriched pathways and 114 categories， and the genes were mainly annotated in biological processes. There were many cis-acting elements in the promoter region of CYP71， mainly light-responsive and methyl jasmonate-responsive elements. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that CYP71 protein had multiple functions such as terpene cyclase activity. ConclusionThis study lays a foundation for the functional study of CYP71 family， and provides a reference for the biosynthesis of monoterpenes in P. frutescens and the directional cultivation of excellent varieties.

Clinical features and long-term prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis in patients with past hepatitis B virus infection / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical features and long-term prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in patients with past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: 353 cases with PBC who visited the Liver Disease Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University between January 2000 and January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed and were divided into the past HBV infection group (156 cases) and the no HBV infection group (197 cases). The two groups' baseline clinical features were compared. Ursodeoxycholic acid response rate after one year, GLOBE score, UK-PBC score, and long-term liver transplantation-free survival rate were compared through outpatient and telephone follow-up. Results: PBC with past HBV infection had a significantly reduced female proportion compared to the no HBV infection group (91.9% vs. 79.5%, P = 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in age, biochemical indices, immunological indicators, platelet count, cirrhosis proportion, and others. Ursodeoxycholic acid biochemical response rate was reduced in patients with past HBV infection at the end of one year of treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (65.8% vs. 78.2%, P = 0.068). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the GLOBE score (0.57 vs. 0.59, P = 0.26) and UK-PBC 5-year (2.87% vs. 2.87%, P = 0.38), 10-year (9.29% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.39) and 15-year liver transplantation rates (16.6% vs. 14.73%, P = 0.39). Lastly, the overall 5-year liver transplantation-free survival rate had no statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients (86.4% vs. 87.5%, P = 0.796). Conclusion: Primary biliary cholangitis had no discernible effect in terms of age at onset, biochemical indices, immunological indicators, cirrhosis proportion, ursodeoxycholic acid response rate after one year, GLOBE score, UK-PBC score, or overall liver transplantation-free survival rate in patients with past hepatitis B virus infections.

Improvement of high-quality evaluation criteria of Chinese patent medicines based on whole process control / 中国中药杂志

Chinese patent medicines(CPMs) are unique therapeutic drugs in China. Establishing and improving the evaluation criteria is an important measure to promote the high-quality development of CPMs. Based on the "evaluation criteria of high-grade CPMs with quality as the core index" established by our group in 2018, the "high-quality evaluation criteria for CPMs based on whole process control" was proposed in the present study in 2022. The scope of application and basic principles of the new criteria were clarified. A quality evaluation scoring table was established in the new criteria, including five parts: raw material selection, production process, quality control, efficacy evaluation, and brand building. The technical evaluation indexes involved have increased from 20% in the original criteria to 70% in the new criteria, and efficacy evaluation has been added in the new criteria. The subjective evaluation indicators account for a large proportion in the original criteria, which is prone to bias. The improved criteria overcome this shortcoming. It is expected that the new criteria as a basis can play a better role in the selection of high-quality products of CPMs, guide enterprises and institutions to participate actively in the evaluation and research of high-quality CPMs, and promote the high-quality development of CPMs.

Effects of occupational mercury exposure on the immune function of workers / 中国职业医学

@#Objective To investigate the effects of mercury on T lymphocytes and serum immune indexes of workers with Methods occupational mercury exposure. A total of 45 workers with occupational mercury exposure were selected as the ， mercury exposure group and 47 workers without occupational mercury exposure were selected as the control group using the judgment sampling method. Cold atomic absorption spectrometry was used to detect the urinary mercury level of the two groups. （ ） +， + +， + + - + Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of cluster of differentiation CD 3 CD3CD4 CD3CD8 and CD3CD19 ， - （ - ） - （ - ） cells in peripheral blood and the levels of tumor necrosis factor α TNF α and interleukin 8 IL 8 in serum. The levels of （ ） ， Results immunoglobulin Ig A IgG and IgM in serum were measured by immune nephelometry. The urinary mercury level of （ ： vs ，P ） individuals in the mercury exposed group was higher than that of the control group median 92.7 13.2 μg/g Cr <0.01 . The +， + +， - + proportion of CD3 CD3CD4 CD3CD19 cells in peripheral blood and serum IgG level in the mercury exposed group （ P ）， - - （ P ） decreased all <0.05 and the serum TNF α and IL 8 levels increased all <0.01 compared with the control group. Urinary - + mercury level was negatively correlated with the proportion of CD3CD19 cells in peripheral blood and serum IgG level in the ［ （r） ， ， P ］， study subjects Spearman correlation coefficient S were −0.21 and −0.31 respectively all <0.05 and positively - - （r ， ， P ） ， correlated with serum TNF α and IL 8 levels S were 0.36 and 0.39 respectively all <0.05 . However the urinary mercury （ P ）， +， + +， level was neither correlated with IgA and IgM levels in serum all >0.05 nor with the proportion of CD3 CD3CD4 + + （ P ） Conclusion CD3CD8 cells in peripheral blood all >0.05 . Occupational exposure to mercury can lead to abnormal ， changes in peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets B lymphocytes and serum immune factors in workers. The mercury load of occupational mercury exposure workers may impact their immune function.

Connective tissue diseases and the liver injury / 中华肝脏病杂志

Connective tissue disease (CTD) are closely related to liver abnormality. CTD can affect the liver causing various degrees of liver injury, coexist with other liver diseases, especially autoimmune liver disease (ALD). Medications for CTD can also lead to liver injury or reactivate the hepatitis B virus. CTD patients can also be positive for ALD-related autoantibodies without corresponding manifestation; and vis versa. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis should be made on integrating clinical presentation, laboratory, imaging, and histological studies, not solely relying on autoantibody positivity.

Application and Analysis of High-quality Evaluation for Jianwei Xiaoshi Tablets / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets， as a common variety of Chinese patent medicine with "one product with many manufacturers"， have many manufacturers and huge market sales. However， the phenomenon about uneven quality and discrepant price is prominent. Based on this， this study was carried out for the quality evaluation of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets by applying the high-quality evaluation criteria with the quality as core for Chinese patent medicine， which was based on the full production cycle， from the multi-dimension including raw material selection， production process， quality control， post-marketing research and so on. The evaluation results showed that the quality evaluation scores of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets from different manufacturers varied greatly （ranging from 35 to 66）， indicating that the quality was significantly different. In the actual production， generally inadequate attention was paid to the quality of raw materials， and the quality of raw materials was insufficient with the score ratio of 43%， especially the poor consistency control of them. The role of good manufacturing practice was obvious， and the scores of production process were generally high with the average score ratio of 62%， and the maximum up to 80%. The technological advancement of the manufacturer was outstanding. The score ratio of quality control was only 31% that the internal quality standard of each manufacture almost stayed at the qualified line， which was equal to the national standard， and the consistency of products was insufficient. The post-marketing research was lacking with the score ratio of 37%. Manufacturers with high brand awareness and market share were upper scores， while the others lagged far behind. The results of this evaluation are in line with the overall prediction， which can provide a reference for the high-quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine， and supply the scientific data for high-quality and high-price application.

[Distribution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Deposition in Areas Adjacent to a Large Petrochemical Enterprise].

In order to explore the influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions by petrochemical enterprises on the surrounding environment, atmospheric deposition samples of the PAHs were collected in the industrial and residential areas adjacent to a petrochemical enterprise from March 2017 to February 2018. Deposition fluxes and the composition of PAHs were studied. The source of PAHs was analyzed by a positive matrix factor (PMF) model. The results showed that the deposition fluxes of Σ15 PAHs ranged from 549 ng·(m2·d)-1 to 18845 ng·(m2·d)-1, with an average of 2712 ng·(m2·d)-1. The flux of Σ15 PAHs in the industrial area was 1.36 times greater than that in the residential area. The deposition fluxes of PAHs in winter and spring were higher than those in summer and autumn. The deposition flux was highest in January in the industrial area and lowest in October in the residential area. Phe, BbF, and Fla were the dominant monomers. There was noticeable difference of monomers between the industrial area and the residential area in summer and autumn. The monomers, such as BbF, BkF, and BgP, in the residential area were higher than those in industrial area, and the proportion of 5, 6 rings was higher, which indicated that traffic contributed more to the residential area; 3 ring PAHs in industrial area had a higher proportion, which pointed out that their main source was petroleum volatilization. Based on the quantitative source analysis, the PAHs in atmospheric deposition were mainly from traffic emissions, petroleum volatilization, and coal combustion. Three sources of PAHs accounted for 45.7%, 18.4%, 35.9%, and 46.3%, 21.4%, and 32.3%, respectively, in the industrial area and the residential area in winter and spring. In summer and autumn, the contribution of traffic sources to the residential area was as high as 65.2%, and the proportion of the petroleum source to the industrial area increased to 35.5%. Due to high-altitude emissions and favorable diffusion conditions, the coal combustion contribution was significantly reduced.

On the effect of experimental animal ethics education on the formation of medical students' medical literacy / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Hunan University of Chinese Medicine has improved the implementation of animal ethics education from the aspects of carrying out elective courses, emphasizing the implementation of pre-class learning, integrating ethics education into experimental teaching, cultivating students' good medical literacy in a subtle way, and further deepening their learning by offering elective courses of animal ethics. The results show that the opening of elective courses and the enforcement of experimental animal ethics education in experimental classes have greatly strengthened the students' experimental animal ethics, which is conducive to the formation of students' medical literacy.

Reuse of Resource Components in Residue of Shaoyao Gancaotang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Aiming at the residue of Shaoyao Gancaotang， the extraction， qualitative and quantitative study of the small molecule resource components were carried out to clarify the residual small molecule chemical components in the residue and explore the ways of its resource utilization. Method:The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS） was used to qualitatively identify the residual small molecule substances in the dregs of Shaoyao Gancaotang. Agilent C₁₈ reversed-phase chromatographic column （3.0 mm×100 mm， 2.7 µm） was used at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min^-1， the injection volume was 5 µL， and the mobile phase was gradient eluted with 0.05% formic acid aqueous solution （A）-acetonitrile （B） （0-1 min， 14%-17.5%B； 1-3 min， 17.5%-19%B； 3-4 min， 19%-20%B； 4-5 min， 20%B； 5-6 min， 20%-21%B； 6-9 min， 21%B； 9-22 min， 21%-36%B； 22-23 min， 36%B； 23-32 min， 36%-43%B）， electrospray ionization （ESI） was employed with negative ion mode scanning and scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 50-1 200. A high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was established for the quantitative analysis of its main components with Agilent C₁₈ reversed-phase chromatographic column （4.6 mm×150 mm， 5 µm）， the detection wavelength was set at 235 nm， the flow rate was 0.8 mL·min^-1， and the injection volume was 5 µL. Mobile phase was 0.05% phosphoric acid （A）-acetonitrile （B） for gradient elution （0-1 min， 14%-19%B； 1-4 min， 19%B； 4-18 min， 19%-50%B）. The content changes of main components in the residue of Shaoyao Gancaotang were compared before and after two different techniques of organic solvent extraction and enzymatic extraction. Result:A total of 16 chemical components in the residue of Shaoyao Gancaotang were qualitatively analyzed， and quantitative analysis found that there were many chemical components in the residue， among which the residues of 6 index components such as paeoniflorin and liquiritin reached more than 70% in the original decoction piece. After enzymolysis by cellulase， liquiritin in the residue could be converted into liquiritigenin. The content of crude polysaccharide in enzymatic extract of the residue was 6 times higher than that in the blank group， and the content was up to 12%. Conclusion:There are still many small molecule resource components in the residue of Shaoyao Gancaotang， which has great development potential. Organic solvents can be used to re-extract the target components in the residue， and liquiritin can be converted into liquiritigenin by biological fermentation technology， and the crude polysaccharide from the residue can be extracted by enzymatic method to develop animal feed. This study can provide reference basis and approach for reusing the residues of Shaoyao Gancaotang preparations and dispensing granules， so as to realize the high-value utilization of Shaoyao Gancaotang.

Analysis on Prescription Research and Historical Evolution of Mahuangtang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Based on the ancient Chinese medical literature and modern clinical application literature， Mahuangtang was systematically analyzed， including its origin， composition， processing requirements and others， in order to provide support for the development of this famous classical formula. It was found that there were some doubts about Mahuangtang， such as the original variety， the processing of decoction pieces， and the dose conversion ratio. On the basis of fully considering the actual needs of the development of famous classical formula preparations and the usage habits of modern clinical practice， the development suggestions of the author were as follows：Ephedrae Herba should be selected Ephedra sinica without removing knots， Cinnamomi Ramulus should be selected from Cinnamomum cassia， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma should select Glycyrrhiza uralensis and be roasted with honey， and Armeniacae Semen Amarum should be selected as Dan-processed products. The total dose of Mahuangtang was 24 g after conversion according to 1 Liang equal to 3 g as following the transition phenomenon and law. The preparation and usage method was as follows：took 1.8 L of water， first added Ephedrae Herba in water for decocting， evaporated 400 mL of water， removed the upper foam， then added the other three drugs， cooked over gentle heat to 500 mL， filtered the residue， took three times a day， about 160 mL warm decoction once. The major function recorded of Mahuangtang in ancient books was exterior sthenia syndrome of exogenous wind cold， it often used in the clinical treatment of cold， acute bronchitis， bronchial asthma and other diseases through the flexible application of the later doctors.

Impact of transcatheter aortic valve replacement on renal function in patients with severe aortic stenosis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the impact of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on renal function in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study. Consecutive patients with severe aortic valve stenosis and received TAVR in Zhongshan Hospital from December 2014 to December 2019 were included. The patients were divided into four groups according to the estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measured at one day before TAVR, namely eGFR>90 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group, 60<eGFR≤90 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group, 30<eGFR≤60 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group and eGFR≤30 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group. The patients were also divided into acute renal function recovery (AKR) group, acute kidney injury (AKI) group and no change in renal function group according to renal function changes at 72 hours after TAVR. AKR was defined as eGFR increased by more than 25% of the baseline value at 72 hours after TAVR, and AKI was defined as eGFR decreased more than 25% of the baseline value at 72 hours after TAVR. The clinical data of each group were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the determinants responsible for renal function changes after TAVR. Results: A total of 217 patients were enrolled in this study. The age was (76.7±7.4) years and there were 86 females. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was (9.5±5.8). The proportions achieved AKR after TAVR were 0, 30.2% (35/116), 58.6% (41/70) and 75.0% (9/12) respectively in eGFR>90 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group, 60<eGFR≤90 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group, 30<eGFR≤60 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group and eGFR≤30 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group. A total of 3 patients (1.4%) suffered AKI, including 2 patients in 30<eGFR≤60 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group and 1 patient in 60<eGFR≤90 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group. The incidence of AKI in eGFR<60 ml·min-1·1.73m-2 group was 2.4% (2/82). Among the 217 patients, AKR occurred in 85(39.2%) patients, 3(1.4%) experienced AKI and renal function remained unchanged in 129 (59.4%) patients post TAVR. Body mass index (BMI), left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and preoperative eGFR were statistically different between the 3 groups (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI (OR=5.54, 95%CI 1.04-29.58, P=0.045), preoperative LVEDD (OR=1.22, 95%CI 1.09-1.38, P=0.001) and preoperative eGFR (OR=2.23, 95%CI 2.04-2.55, P=0.004) were associated with non-AKR post TAVR. Conclusions: After TAVR, most patients show no change or improvement of renal function. BMI, preoperative LVEDD and eGFR are related to renal function change after TAVR.

Investigation on the current status of silica dust hazard in workplaces in Jiangxi Province / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current status of silica dust hazard in workplaces of Jiangxi Province. METHODS: The level of silica dust in the air of workplaces, occupational health examination of the dust-exposed workers and diagnosis of occupational disease in 1 557 enterprises in Jiangxi Province were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS: The 1 557 enterprises were included in eight industries, and the main types of enterprises were non-coal mining, ceramic products manufacturing and stone processing industry(a total of 85.16%). There were 4 029 jobs/positions that were involved in exposure to silica dust in these workplaces. Among them, the exposure concentration of time weighted average(C_(TWA)) of total dust and respirable dust exceeded 21.52% and 20.55%, respectively. The posts where the total dust and respirable dust that exceed the standard were found in the quartz sand processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting industry and stone processing industry, that were the top three among the eight industries(all P<0.01). Among the 828 posts with C_(TWA) of respiratory dust exceeding the standard, the C_(TWA) exceeding rate of mild-, moderate-and high-hazardous jobs were 3.87%(156/4 029), 1.66%(67/4 029) and 15.02%(605/4 029), respectively. Among 23 643 dust-exposed workers, the detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected silicosis were 2.06% and 1.51%, and the prevalence of silicosis was 1.21%. CONCLUSION: Silica dust hazard in workplaces of quartz sand processing industry, non-ferrous metal smelting industry and stone processing industry are serious in Jiangxi Province. The supervision and management of occupational health should be further strengthened to guarantee the occupational health of workers.

[Effects of Manure and Organic Fertilizer Application on Soil Microbial Community Diversity in Paddy Fields].

To investigate the effect of typical manure application on soil microbes in paddy fields, a field experiment on manure application in Chongming Island was carried out. The composition and variety of soil microorganisms in rice paddy fields were analyzed using high-throughput theory (CK), chicken manure (CM), pig manure (PM), and organic fertilizer (OF). The results showed that compared with CK, the application of organic manure increased soil organic matter (SOM), and the application of chicken manure significantly increased the soil ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) contents (P<0.05). Soil microbial diversity in the PM group was significantly higher than that in the CK group (P<0.05), and the soil microbial community richness in the OF group was significantly higher than that in the CM group (P<0.05). pH, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen, and Pb were the important factors affecting the composition of soil microbial communities in paddy fields. The microbial community structure in the CM group was significantly different from those in the other three groups. Compared with CK, the OF group increased the relative abundance of Nitrospira, and the CM group significantly reduced the relative abundance of the denitrifying bacteria Ignavibacteriae (P<0.01) to 40.56%, but significantly increased the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria Thauera(P<0.05) to 203.00%. The PM group significantly increased the relative abundance of ammoniated bacteria Armatimonadetes (P<0.05) to 57.51% and the anaerobic strain Anaerolinea to 102.00%. The application of chicken manure and pig manure significantly increased the relative abundance of pathogens Pseudomonas and Flavisolibacter (P<0.05), respectively, while the application of organic manure reduced the relative abundance of Flavisolibacter. Overall, the application of manure increased the abundance of bacteria involved in the nitrogen cycle of paddy soils and played a positive role in regulating the nitrogen balance in paddy soils. However, direct application of chicken manure and fresh pig manure increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, which had a certain degree of stress on the soil health in the paddy field.

Removal of N, P from seepage and runoff by different vegetated and slope buffer strips.

The migration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) from farmland to river not only results in fertilizer inefficiency, but also aggravates water pollution and eutrophication. It is of great significance to construct a reasonable vegetation buffer zone between the river and farmland to protect water quality. By using constructed buffer strips and runoff hydrometric devices, quantitative research was conducted on removal loads of N and P in a field experiment of different vegetated and slope strips. Results showed that removal rates of TN, NH4 +-N, and TP by different vegetated strips were 2-3 times higher than the control group. The removal ratios of seepage accounted for 73.6%, 66.9%, 73.9% of total seepage and runoff in three vegetated strips, respectively. On the 2% gradient strips with Cynodon dactylon, the removal ratios of TN, NH4 +-N, and TP were 36%, 34%, 37%, which were higher than that with 5% gradient, respectively. And removal ratios from the seepage of 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% gradient strips were 71.66%, 68.14%, 64.39%, and 61.93% of the total, respectively. The conclusion can provide the basis of vegetation and slope optimization for the design and construction of a riparian buffer zone, so as to control non-point source pollution effectively.

Exosomal encapsulation of miR-125a-5p inhibited trophoblast cell migration and proliferation by regulating the expression of VEGFA in preeclampsia.

This study is aimed to examine the association between umbilical cord blood (UCB) derived exosomal microRNA (miRNA) with preeclampsia (PE) and to further explore the mechanism of a key differential gene (hsa-miR-125a-5p) in preeclampsia. Umbilical cord blood exosomal miRNA(exo-miRNA) from normal pregnant women and pregnant women with preeclampsia was processed via miRNA sequencing. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) was performed to assess the expression of miR-125a-5p in normal and PE placental tissues and peripheral blood derived exosomes in the third trimester. Human trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo was assigned as the negative control and miR-125a-5p mimics. QRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to identify the expressions of miR-125a-5p and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). CCK8, flow cytometry, wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to analyze the effect of miR-125a-5p on HTR8/SVneo cell migration, proliferation, and cycle distribution. Tube formation was performed to estimate the angiogenesis ability of miR-125a-5p on HUVECs. In conclusion, miR-125a-5p expression in PE placental tissues was higher than in normal subjects, while the expression of VEGFA was lower in PE placental tissues. We then compared the miR-125a-5p mimics group with the negative control group and found that in the mimics group, the cell migration, proliferation and angiogenesis abilities were decreased, and more cells were arrested in the S stage. Our study systematically profiled the UCB exo-miRNA in normal and PE pregnant women and demonstrated that dysregulation of miR-125a-5p might affect HTR8/SVneo cell proliferation and migration and inhibit angiogenesis by regulating VEGFA, indicating that miR-125a-5p is involved in the progression of PE.

Study on quality evaluation method of classical prescription Mahuang Decoction primary standard substances / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to establish the HPLC characteristic chromatogram and content determination method for index components with the primary standard substances of the classical prescription Mahuang Decoction, and to provide data basis for the establishment of its quality standard and the development and utilization of compound preparations. First, HPLC was used to establish the material reference chromatograms of Mahuang Decoction, and 15 batches of standard samples of Mahuang Decoction were determined. Their similarity was calculated by the median method. Secondly, the content of the standard substances was determined and a simplecontent determination method was established by HPLC. Relevant methodology was investigated, and the extraction ratio, index component transfer rate and moisture content of 15 batches of primary standard samples were calculated. The results showed that the two sets of HPLC methods had their own characteristics. The six chromatographic peaks identified from the 10 common peaks in the former characteristic chromatogram covered all the herbal medicines in the standard substances, which can better indicate the quality characteristics of the standard substances of Mahuang Decoction. The latter method(content determination method) was simple and practical, so it was suitable for establishing the quality standard of its compound preparation. Two sets of methods were jointly used to evaluate the quality of 15 batches of Mahuang Decoction. The results were as follows: the similarity of 15 batches of samples was greater than 0.90; the average extraction ratio was 18.1%; the average moisture content was 9.7%; the average content and transfer rate of the standard ingredients ephedrine hydrochloride and total pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were 2.3% and 26.7% respectively, and the average content and transfer rate of amygdalin were 2.2% and 48.3% respectively. None of the data showed dispersion(beyond 70%-130% of the mean value), which met the application data requirements for the substance standards of ancient classical Chinese herbal compound preparations(draft for comments). Based on the above research, the primary substance quality standard of Mahuang Decoction was established in order to provide reference for the development and research of the compound preparation of Mahuang Decoction.

Establishment of Quality Control Method in Production of Jinshuibao Capsules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To improve the quality control system in the production of Jinshuibao capsules, and to provide experimental basis for the follow-up research and application of this preparation. Method::High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed, the analysis was performed on a Ultimate AQ-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm). The chromatographic conditions for the determination of adenosine, guanosine and uridine were as following: mobile phase of methanol-0.1%formic acid aqueous solution for gradient elution, the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1, column temperature at 30 ℃, sample quantity of 10 μL, detection wavelength at 260 nm. The chromatographic conditions for the determination of ergosterol were as follows: mobile phase of methanol-water (98∶2), the flow rate of 1 mL·min-1, column temperature at 25 ℃, sample quantity of 10 μL, detection wavelength at 283 nm. Result::The main chromatographic peaks of fermented Cordyceps powder samples in different production stages showed little difference. The linear relationships of adenosine, guanosine and uridine were good (R2 >0.999), their recoveries were 106.06%, 101.25%and 105.88%, respectively. The contents of adenosine and ergosterol in 20 batches of samples extracted from 2016 to 2018 were in line with the requirements in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the contents of guanosine and uridine were 0.97-1.36, 0.67-1.38 mg/capsule, respectively. Conclusion::The quality of Jinshuibao capsules in the market is stable. This method can be used to detect the quality of Jinshuibao capsules, and it is simple, stable and reliable.